For prolonged steroid therapy in a child, which steroid is typically prescribed?

In cases of prolonged steroid therapy for a child, prednisone is commonly prescribed due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid that mimics the effects of cortisol, which is vital for various bodily functions, including metabolism and immune response regulation. Prednisone is carefully dosed and can be tapered down to minimize side effects, making it suitable for managing conditions such as asthma, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of allergies in pediatric patients.

The other options do not fit the context of steroid therapy. Insulin is a hormone that primarily regulates blood glucose levels and is used in managing diabetes. Penicillin is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, while cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that also target bacteria. Neither of these medications provide the anti-inflammatory benefits associated with corticosteroids like prednisone. Thus, in the context of prolonged therapy requiring corticosteroid action, prednisone is the correct choice.