The nurse should recognize both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects after long-term administration of what drug?

Prednisone is a corticosteroid that exhibits both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid properties, especially after long-term administration. Glucocorticoids like prednisone are primarily responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, they also influence carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, which can lead to changes in blood glucose levels and energy utilization.

On the other hand, mineralocorticoids regulate sodium and potassium balance, affecting fluid retention and blood pressure. Prolonged use of prednisone can lead to significant fluid retention, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalances due to its mineralocorticoid effects, which is a key consideration for monitoring patients on this medication.

While other corticosteroids listed, such as betamethasone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone, also have glucocorticoid properties, they have much weaker mineralocorticoid effects compared to prednisone. Therefore, among the choices given, prednisone is the most recognized for eliciting both types of effects after long-term administration.