What common side effect of glucocorticoids must the nurse monitor for?

Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids that have significant effects on metabolism, immune response, and fluid balance in the body. One of the prominent side effects associated with glucocorticoid use is fluid retention. This occurs due to the stimulation of aldosterone-like effects, which can lead to increased sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. As sodium is retained, water follows osmotically, resulting in fluid retention.

When monitoring patients on glucocorticoids, it is essential to assess for signs such as edema, weight gain, and elevated blood pressure, all of which could indicate excess fluid retention. This side effect is particularly concerning because it may exacerbate underlying cardiovascular conditions or lead to complications such as heart failure if not managed appropriately.

In contrast, weight loss, hypoglycemia, and sedation are not common side effects of glucocorticoids; rather, these medications typically promote weight gain, increase blood glucose levels leading to hyperglycemia, and can sometimes cause insomnia or agitation rather than sedation. Understanding fluid retention as a common side effect helps nurses provide better care and inform patients about what to expect during treatment.