What effect can corticosteroids have on glucose in the body?

Corticosteroids can have a significant impact on glucose metabolism in the body. One of the primary effects of corticosteroids is to increase glucose production, particularly through a process known as gluconeogenesis in the liver. This process involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids and glycerol, which is stimulated by corticosteroids.

Additionally, corticosteroids can lead to insulin resistance, further contributing to elevated blood glucose levels. As the body's response to insulin is impaired, glucose remains in the bloodstream rather than being effectively utilized by cells. This combination of increased glucose production and diminished insulin sensitivity explains why corticosteroids can raise blood sugar levels in patients undergoing treatment with these medications.

Understanding this effect is crucial, especially for patients with diabetes or those at risk for hyperglycemia, as they may require closer monitoring and management of their glucose levels while on corticosteroid therapy.