What finding should alert the nurse to a potential Cushing's syndrome manifestation due to long-term corticosteroid therapy?

The hallmark manifestation of Cushing's syndrome associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy is the presence of a buffalo hump. This characteristic refers to an accumulation of fat at the base of the neck, leading to a rounded prominence that is typically associated with excess cortisol levels in the body.

In the context of long-term corticosteroid use, patients may develop several symptoms due to increased fat accumulation, altered metabolism, and hormonal changes. The buffalo hump specifically reflects these changes in body fat distribution and is one of the classic signs of Cushing's syndrome.

This condition often arises due to the body’s overexposure to glucocorticoids, which could be due to endogenous causes (like an adrenal tumor) or exogenous (prolonged use of corticosteroid medications). Recognizing physical signs such as the buffalo hump allows healthcare professionals to promptly assess and manage potential complications arising from prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

While moon face is also a recognized feature of Cushing's syndrome, the buffalo hump is particularly distinctive and may serve as a critical alert for the nurse monitoring patients on corticosteroid therapy. Weight loss and skin peeling are generally not associated with Cushing's syndrome; rather, weight gain and skin changes are more typical.