What is a common side effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy that a nurse should monitor for?

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is associated with several side effects, one of which is osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids can inhibit osteoblast function and decrease calcium absorption from the intestines while increasing renal calcium excretion, leading to reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. This bone demineralization occurs due to the long-term suppression of the body's normal bone remodeling processes.

For patients on extended glucocorticoid therapy, it is crucial for nurses to monitor bone health proactively, as osteoporosis may not present with noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. Regular assessments, including bone density tests and monitoring calcium and vitamin D levels, can help manage this risk effectively.

The other options listed do not carry the same level of concern regarding long-term glucocorticoid use. Weight loss is more commonly associated with conditions that necessitate glucocorticoid use, such as chronic inflammation. Fatigue can occur but is not a primary concern specific to glucocorticoids compared to osteoporosis. Nasal congestion is not a recognized side effect or concern related to glucocorticoid therapy.