What is one of the main effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism?

Glucocorticoids have a prominent effect on metabolism, particularly through their influence on glucose homeostasis. One of the main effects of glucocorticoids is the increase in blood sugar levels. This occurs through several mechanisms: they promote gluconeogenesis in the liver, which is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Glucocorticoids also facilitate the mobilization of amino acids from peripheral tissues, leading to increased substrate availability for glucose production. Additionally, glucocorticoids can oppose the action of insulin, which normally acts to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells.

These metabolic effects are critical in the body's stress response, as higher blood sugar levels provide the necessary energy to cope with stressors. Consequently, medications that mimic or enhance glucocorticoid activity can lead to elevated blood glucose levels, a condition often observed in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy. This is of particular significance for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of metabolic syndrome.