What is the main effect of glucocorticoids on the body?

Glucocorticoids play a multifaceted role in the body, and their main effects encompass a range of physiological processes. One of the most significant effects of glucocorticoids is their ability to decrease inflammation. They achieve this by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, thereby helping to manage conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.

In addition to their anti-inflammatory properties, glucocorticoids also increase energy metabolism. They facilitate gluconeogenesis and the mobilization of fatty acids, which ensures that energy is available to the body, particularly during stress responses.

Furthermore, glucocorticoids have a well-documented effect of suppressing immune responses. This is achieved through their action on various immune cells, leading to a decrease in the proliferation of lymphocytes and a reduction in the overall activity of the immune system, which can be beneficial in treating autoimmune conditions or preventing organ transplant rejection.

Given these diverse actions—decreasing inflammation, increasing energy metabolism, and suppressing immune responses—the correct answer incorporates all of these effects, hence the selection of the choice that includes all of the above. This highlights the comprehensive nature of glucocorticoids in their therapeutic and physiological roles.