What laboratory values should be monitored due to the black box warning associated with ketoconazole?

Monitoring AST, ALT, and GGT is essential due to the black box warning associated with ketoconazole, which primarily addresses the potential for severe liver damage. Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent, can lead to significant hepatotoxicity in some patients, hence regular monitoring of liver function tests is crucial to detect any elevation in liver enzymes.

AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) are key markers for liver function. An increase in these values can indicate liver injury or inflammation, allowing for timely intervention and potentially preventing serious complications. Continuous assessment of these laboratory values helps ensure patient safety while on ketoconazole therapy.

In contrast, monitoring glucose and insulin may be relevant in specific contexts but is not specifically required due to the warnings associated with ketoconazole. Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements relate more to blood volume and anemia than to liver function, while creatinine and BUN levels are indicators of kidney function rather than liver health. Therefore, the focus on liver enzymes underscores the importance of vigilance when prescribing ketoconazole.