What should a nurse monitor in a patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy to prevent complications?

Monitoring a patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy is crucial due to the various potential side effects associated with these medications. Each of the mentioned parameters is important for safeguarding the patient’s health.

Blood sugar levels are particularly critical because corticosteroids can induce insulin resistance and lead to hyperglycemia, increasing the risk of diabetes. Therefore, regular monitoring can help in the early detection and management of glucose dysregulation.

Cholesterol levels are also significant to watch for in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. These medications can alter lipid metabolism, often resulting in elevated cholesterol levels, including LDL and triglycerides, potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Electrolyte balance must be monitored since corticosteroids can cause fluid retention, hypokalemia (low potassium), and other electrolyte disturbances. Disruptions in electrolyte levels can lead to serious complications, including muscle weakness and cardiac issues.

Given the multiple effects corticosteroids can have, monitoring blood sugar levels, cholesterol levels, and electrolyte balance collectively ensures a comprehensive approach to patient care, making it essential to monitor all three parameters in patients undergoing long-term corticosteroid therapy.