Which electrolyte imbalance is a concern for patients on corticosteroid therapy?

Corticosteroid therapy is well-known for causing electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can lead to increased sodium retention and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys. This happens due to the mineralocorticoid effects of steroids, which mimic aldosterone – a hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body.

As a result of this mechanism, patients receiving corticosteroid therapy may experience low levels of potassium (hypokalemia). This can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and even arrhythmias in severe cases. Monitoring potassium levels is essential in patients on corticosteroids to prevent these potentially serious complications.

Hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypernatremia, while they may be concerns in other contexts, are not the primary concerns associated with corticosteroid use compared to the risk of hypokalemia.