Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is commonly associated with a variety of side effects due to the pharmacological action of these drugs, which mimic the effects of cortisol, a steroid hormone. Among these side effects, weight gain is particularly prevalent. This occurs because glucocorticoids can increase appetite, promote fat storage, and cause changes in fat distribution, leading to aspects such as central obesity.

Furthermore, glucocorticoids can also affect metabolism by increasing gluconeogenesis, which may contribute to elevated blood sugar levels and further increase fat deposition. The retention of sodium and water as a result of glucocorticoid use can also contribute to weight gain through fluid retention.

In contrast, hyperkalemia, increased energy levels, and hypotension are not typically associated with long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Glucocorticoids more often lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels), fatigue or lethargy rather than increased energy, and hypertension, rather than hypotension, due to the effects on fluid balance and vascular tone. This understanding of the side effects of glucocorticoids is crucial for managing patients on long-term therapy.