Which of the following is a potential consequence of hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia, which is an elevated level of calcium in the blood, can lead to various physiological effects, one of which is the formation of kidney stones. When calcium levels in the blood rise significantly, it can result in excessive calcium being filtered through the kidneys. This excess calcium can combine with other substances in the urine to form calcium-based kidney stones. The presence of these stones can lead to increased pain, urinary issues, and potential kidney damage if they obstruct urinary flow.

In contrast, muscle spasms and tetany are primarily associated with hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels, as the nervous system becomes overly excitable due to insufficient calcium. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones but does not directly result from acute hypercalcemia; rather, it relates to chronic calcium deficiency over time. Thus, kidney stones are a well-established consequence of hypercalcemia due to the increased elimination of calcium by the kidneys.