Which patient condition is closely monitored due to potential electrolyte imbalance during corticosteroid treatment?

The condition that is closely monitored due to potential electrolyte imbalance during corticosteroid treatment is hypokalemia. Corticosteroids can lead to increased sodium retention and potassium loss through the kidneys, which may result in lower levels of potassium in the bloodstream (hypokalemia). This is particularly relevant in patients who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy or high doses, as they are at greater risk for developing this electrolyte imbalance. Monitoring potassium levels is essential because hypokalemia can lead to serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.

While dehydration, hyperglycemia, and hypertension are important considerations in patients receiving corticosteroids, they are not specifically tied to the direct risk of electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia is. Dehydration may occur due to other factors, hyperglycemia often results from the metabolic effects of corticosteroids on glucose metabolism, and hypertension could develop through mechanisms unrelated to electrolyte disturbances. Thus, regular monitoring of potassium levels is critical in the context of corticosteroid treatment to prevent hypokalemia and its associated risks.